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November 19, 2024

Nigeria
Addressing Entities of Particular Concern: Non-State Actors and Egregious Violations of Religious Freedom

Ebenezer Obadare's testimony before the United States Committee on International Religious Freedom addresses how Boko Haram, ISWAP, and other violent non-state actors commit religious freedom violati…

July 26, 2022

Wars and Conflict
Nonstate Warfare

Stephen Biddle explains how nonstate military strategies overturn traditional perspectives on warfare.

October 28, 2022

Wars and Conflict
Nonstate Warfare: The Military Methods of Guerillas, Warlords, and Militias

Teaching Notes for Toxic Politics, authored by CFR Senior Fellow Yanzhong Huang, discuss how China’s environmental crisis is undermining public health and becoming an Achilles heel in its reemergence as a global power.

Nonstate Warfare Teaching Notes Image

April 11, 2022

Nigeria
Nigeria’s Deepening Security Crisis Exposes Growing Reliance on Nonstate Actors

A rare positive note as Nigeria spirals into a state of lawlessness is the unintended return to the front burner of longstanding issues around governance at the subnational level. Until now, such issues have bubbled under the surface, receiving fleeting attention only when the country’s perennial crisis threatens to boil over, only to subside as soon as a temporary fix is found. Penultimate week, after still unidentified assailants opened fire on an Abuja-Kaduna train, killing eight passengers and kidnapping tens of others for ransom, Kaduna State Governor Nasir El-Rufai, emerging from a private meeting with President Muhammadu Buhari, threatened to do whatever it takes to protect lives and property across the state, including “importing mercenaries from outside the country to do it.”

Nigerian police officer sitting down being interviewed wearing police outfit.

May 1, 2025

Democratic Republic of Congo
Peace Talks in the Era of Transactionalism

What are the terms of the deal the U.S. is trying to negotiate with the DRC and Rwanda?

Secretary Marco Rubio hosts a Declaration of Principles signing ceremony between Democratic Republic of Congo Foreign Minister Thérèse Kayikwamba Wagner and Rwandan Foreign Minister Olivier Nduhungirehe at the Department of State in Washington, D.C. on April 25, 2025.

May 9, 2025

Uganda
Warning Signs in Uganda

Muhoozi’s bizarre and troubling social media presence fans the flames of political violence. 

General Muhoozi Kainerugaba, the son of Uganda's President Yoweri Museveni, looks on during his birthday party in Entebbe, Uganda on May 7, 2022.