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A detailed exploration of the most sweeping government border closures in human history during the COVID-19 pandemic and the implications for the future of global mobility.
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Greenberg Center for Geoeconomic Studies
The Greenberg Center for Geoeconomic Studies works to promote a better understanding of how economic and geopolitical forces interact to shape the world.
2.1% Increase of U.S. GDP in 2022
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The CFR Global Inflation Tracker allows you to gauge trends in prices across the world over time.
CFR’s RealEcon team traveled across the country to ask Americans what they think of trade, aid, and other international economic policies.
The Mar-a-Lago Accord refers to a blueprint from one of President Trump’s top advisors that would mark an inflection point for the global economic order—but it is unlikely to get the cross-border coordination required to succeed.
US exports not only reduce deficits, they also bring higher-paying jobs and greater innovation. A tariff-driven trade war will hold back their growth.
The Trump administration’s tariff announcements revive the age-old policy of import substitution industrialization (ISI) to protect domestic industries and stimulate growth. However, ISI could lead to significant economic disruptions for the U.S. and its trading partners.
A brief analysis of the recent use of national security and foreign policy tools to promote domestic mineral production.
The president’s plan for reciprocal tariffs sounds good in theory. But there was a reason the United States abandoned the approach a century ago. The gains would be few and the costs enormous.
The United States’ relationship with China is at a new low, but Trump has a chance to redefine bilateral relations by locking China into the U.S.-led global system
A rebound in U.S. consumer imports fueled global trade, while Chinese import growth diverged from China’s export growth. Importers imported more, exporters exported more, and imbalances expanded.
CFR experts provide insights and context around President Donald Trump's announced tariffs and what they mean for North American trade, U.S. alliances, and global competition.
The 2024 10-K reports of America’s largest pharmaceutical companies show that they continue to avoid paying much, if any, U.S. corporate income tax.
This interactive map tracks China’s growing maritime influence through investments in strategic overseas ports. Users can plot the location of each port and view satellite images alongside detailed information on the share of Chinese ownership, the total amount of Chinese investment, and the port’s suitability for use by the Chinese military.
President Trump, his advisors, and Congress have different ideas of what products and markets are strategic.
This time around, Modi and Trump should seize the opportunity to strike a substantial bilateral agreement.
Program Experts
Center Director
Matthew P. GoodmanDistinguished Fellow, Director of the Greenberg Center for Geoeconomic Studies, and Director of the CFR RealEcon Initiative
Bloomberg Chair in Global Health; Senior Fellow for International Economics, Law, and Development; and Director of the Global Health Program
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Editor's note: This article was originally published on May 22, 2025 and does not reflect developments post May 22. When Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi met U.S. President Donald J. Trump at …
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The CFR Sovereign Risk Tracker can be used to gauge the vulnerability of emerging markets to default on external debt.
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Governments often rely on taxes to both discourage and encourage behavior. In the climate space, carbon taxes on production—which are levied in proportion to the carbon generated—aim to motivate comp…
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Matthew P. Goodman, Director of the Greenberg Center for Geoeconomic Studies and Director of the RealEcon Initiative at the Council on Foreign Relations, testified on May 14, 2025, before the House F…
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Several studies have attempted to model the effects of climate change on the economy, with varying results. But one fact remains certain: The costs of climate change will hit emerging markets and developing countries the hardest.
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U.S.-China trade talks in Geneva resulted in a temporary slash of tariff rates, but the ripple effect of this tit-for-tat escalation won’t disappear anytime soon.